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Thymus

Very interesting article showing thymic regeneration is possible following androgen blockade 1. Note that the androgen blockade resulted in a complete regeneration of the thymus but also in atrophy of sex organs.

Article showing increase in Thymus CD31+ cells following autologous stem-cell transplantation 2.

Results of clinical trials showing clinical remission following autologous hematopoetic stm cell transplantation (ASCT) of seven patiens with Lupus. Interesting that it also reports regeneration of thymic-derived t cells 3.

Another article discussing stem cells to reactivate thymus and arrest autoimmune agression. 4.

Article showing age related decline of thymic syrums is reversable with administration of lysine and arginine. .5

Controlling the thymic microenvironment. Hard to tell how useful it is from the abstract, but it does mention the sex steroid ablation and a pretty good overview of thymic function 6.

Article abstract stating the importance of reversing thymic aging for proper t-cell regeneration.7.

Article including a suggestion that Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) protects TEC and induces thymic regeneration 8.

Article showing Human Growth Hormone regenerated thymus in 46 year old man 9. And an old one that showed the same in rats 10.

2008 article in experimental gerontology explores three different methods for thymic regeneration: interleukin 7, HGH, and sex steroid intervention. 11.

Re-educating the immune system using a combination of thymus rejuvenation and uptake of HSC together with inhibition of the aberrant immune system, also provides for the first time, a realistic means of overcoming the devastating effects of autoimmune disease. 12 This is written by a team leader in immune regeneration, Dr. Richard Boyd. The motto of the Immune Regeneration Laboratory is "“Combining immunology and stem cells to rejuvenate and re-program the immune system for better health” "

Using human Tymogen (infant) cell transplant regenerates thymus, and restores immune function 13.

References

  1. Sutherland JS, Goldberg GL, Hammett MV, Uldrich AP, Berzins SP, Heng TS, Blazar BR, Millar JL, Malin MA, Chidgey AP, Boyd RL. Activation of thymic regeneration in mice and humans following androgen blockade. J Immunol. 2005 Aug 15;175(4):2741-53. www.jimmunol.org/content/175/4/2741.long

  2. Thiel A, Alexander T, Schmidt CA, Przybylski GK, Kimmig S, Kohler S, Radtke H, Gromnica-Ihle E, Massenkeil G, Radbruch A, Arnold R, Hiepe F. Direct assessment of thymic reactivation after autologous stem cell transplantation. Acta Haematol. 2008;119(1):22-7.www.karger.com/Article/FullText/117824

  3. Alexander T, Thiel A, Rosen O, Massenkeil G, Sattler A, Kohler S, Mei H, Radtke H, Gromnica-Ihle E, Burmester GR, Arnold R, Radbruch A, Hiepe F. Depletion of autoreactive immunologic memory followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory SLE induces long-term remission through de novo generation of a juvenile and tolerant immune system. Blood. 2009 Jan 1;113(1):214-23. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/113/1/214.long

  4. Muraro PA, Douek DC. Renewing the T cell repertoire to arrest autoimmune aggression. Trends Immunol. 2006 Feb;27(2):61-7. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471490605002942

  5. Fabris N, Mocchegiani E, Muzzioli M, Piloni S. Recovery of age-related decline of thymic endocrine activity and PHA response by lysin-arginine combination. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1986;8(7):677-85. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0192056186900020

  6. Gray DH, Ueno T, Chidgey AP, Malin M, Goldberg GL, Takahama Y, Boyd RL. Controlling the thymic microenvironment. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005 Apr;17(2):137-43. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952791505000129

  7. Mackall CL, Gress RE. Thymic aging and T-cell regeneration. Immunol Rev. 1997 Dec;160:91-102. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb01030.x/abstract

  8. Chidgey A, Dudakov J, Seach N, Boyd R. Impact of niche aging on thymic regeneration and immune reconstitution. Semin Immunol. 2007 Oct;19(5):331-40. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044532307000802

  9. Fahy GM. Apparent induction of partial thymic regeneration in a normal human subject: a case report. J Anti Aging Med. 2003;6(3):219-27. online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/109454503322733063

  10. Kelley KW, Brief S, Westly HJ, Novakofski J, Bechtel PJ, Simon J, Walker EB. GH3 pituitary adenoma cells can reverse thymic aging in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(15):5663-7. www.pnas.org/content/83/15/5663.long

  11. Aspinall R, Mitchell W. Reversal of age-associated thymic atrophy: treatments, delivery, and side effects. Exp Gerontol. 2008 Jul;43(7):700-5. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556508001228

  12. Boyd, Richard, Prof. Monash University Website, Immune Regeneration Laboratories. Found at www.med.monash.edu.au/anatomy/research/immune-regeneration.html